کلان روایت‌ها و توسعه در ایران: نقد و بررسی رهیافت فرهنگ سیاسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم سیاسی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

این مقاله بر آنست که یکی از کلان روایت‌ها را در تحلیل موانع توسعه در ایران به بحث گذارد. رهیافت فرهنگ سیاسی رهیافتی ساختاری، روانشناحتی است که بر تعیین‌کنندگی فرهنگ در توسعه‌یافتگی تاکید دارد و موانع توسعه را به فرهنگ تقلیل می دهد. تجویز آن گذر از سنت به تجدد و داده‌های آن نیز عناصر روانشناختی و امثال و حکم است.  این رهیافت توسط برخی سفرنامه نویسان و دیپلماتها برای شناخت جهان سوم اتخاذ گردید و بعدا محققان علوم سیاسی بر اساس این داده ها به نظریه‌پردازی پرداختند. سوال مهم این مقاله چرایی کاربست این رهیافت، پیامدها و ناکارآمدی آن برای فهم موانع توسعه در ایران می‌باشد؟ یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد رهیافت‌های کلان‌نگر از جمله فرهنگ سیاسی در تحلیل تحولات ایران بخاطر تقلیل‌گرایی، ذات‌گرایی، عام‌گرا بودن، عدم توجه به پیچیدگی جوامع و ... ناکارمد هستند. بنابراین برای شناخت  ایران باید از روایت‌های کلان گذر کرد و از روایت‌های خرد مدد جست. روش تحقیق تبیینی با استفاده از مطالعات اسنادی و نقد و بررسی آثار منتشره در چارچوب این رهیافت است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Macro-Narratives and Development in Iran: Critique and Study of Political Culture Approach

نویسنده [English]

  • Ebrahim Abbassi
Assistant Professor of political Sciences, Shiraz University
چکیده [English]

The present study aims to discuss a macro-narrative in the analysis of development obstacles in Iran. Political culture approach is a structural psychological approach that stresses the decisive role of culture in development and reduces the development obstacles to cultural matters. Its main suggestion is transition from tradition to modernity and its data includes psychological elements, stories and accounts. This approach was adopted by some voyagers (diarists) and diplomats to understand the third world and later some political scientists used this data to form their theories. The important question posed by this study is that why this approach adopted to study Iran and what are its implications and inefficiencies to understand the obstacles of development in this country? The findings of the study show that Macro-Narratives including political culture approach due to reductionism, essentialism, general orientation, lack of attention to the complexities of the societies and other factors are inefficient for analyzing Iran’s developments. Therefore, to understand Iran, one has to bypass the macro-narratives and applies the micro ones. The research method is explanatory by using documentary studies and critique and reviewing the published works within the framework of this approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Political culture
  • Iran
  • Macro-Narratives
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