ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تحلیل ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی از منظر رئالیسم انتقادی
ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی از رویکردهای تاثیرگذار در ژئوپلیتیک، در دههی ۱۹۸۰ مطرح شد. به نظر میرسد که ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی به لحاظ فلسفی، فروکاستگرایانه و از همین رو برای تبیین ژئوپلیتیکی نابسنده است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع بنیادی و نظری است که از روش تحلیل فلسفی(استدلال عقلانی)، و منابع کتابخانهای استفاده میکند. هدف، تبیین و نقد بنیانهای هستیشناسانه، شناختشناسانه و روششناسانهی ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی است. ابتدا تبیینی نسبتاً جامع از ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی از دید ژئوراید اتوتایل و سیمون دالبی ارائه میشود. سپس مولفههای فلسفهی علمِ رئالیسم انتقادی روی باسکار به عنوان مبنای نظری مکمل معرفی میشوند. در نهایت بر مبنای رئالیسم انتقادی (استعلایی) به تبیین و نقد ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی پرداخته میشود. نشان داده میشود که ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی دارای یک هستیشناسیِ ایدهآلیستی و ذهنیتمحور، شناختشناسی پساساختارگرایانه و روششناسی هرمنوتیکی است. این رویکرد دارای نوعی نگاه نقادانهی صرف(برآمده از واسازی دریدا و قدرتـدانش فوکو) است بیآنکه شناخت دقیقی از موضوع مورد مطالعهاش ارائه کند
https://journal.iag.ir/article_113025_0b8e1a38643781c0aa5a36748d9999d8.pdf
2022-03-21
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ژئوپلیتیک انتقادی
رئالیسم انتقادی
روششناسی
شناختشناسی
هستیشناسی
آیدین
ترکمه
aidin.torkameh@modares.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
AUTHOR
محمد رضا
حافظنیا
hafezn_m@modares.ac.ir
2
استاد جغرافیای سیاسی و ژئوپلیتیک دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
ابراهیم
رومینا
e.roumina@modares.ac.ir
3
استادیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
AUTHOR
زهرا
احمدی پور
ahmadyz@modares.ac.ir
4
استاد گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
AUTHOR
Afzali, R; Kiani, V. (2013). “Political Geography and Geopolitics in Postmodern Paradigm.” Research Quarterly of Geographical Data. Volume 22, Issue 85, pp. 111-126. [In Persian]
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی و تحلیل جایگاه توانمندی نظامی در قدرت نرم کشورها
حدود سه دهه است که از طرح اصطلاح قدرت نرم توسط جوزف نای میگذرد. وی در این مفهوم، فرهنگ، ارزشهای سیاسی و سیاست خارجی را به عنوان منابع قدرت نرم و توان نظامی و مشوقهای اقتصادی را در طیف قدرت سخت و نقطه مقابل قدرت نرم قرار میدهد. این در حالی است که شواهد و مستندات علمی حاکی از این دارند که برخلاف دیدگاه رایج، ظرفیت نظامی نیز میتواند به شرط تبعیت از هستیشناسی قدرت نرم، در این قدرت ایفای نقش نماید. به همین منظور این پژوهش با اتکا بر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی درصدد است به این مسئله پاسخ دهد که توانمندی نظامی یک کشور چگونه و بر اساس چه مولفه هایی میتواند بر قدرت نرم کشور موثر باشد. در همین راستا یافتههای پژوهش حاکی از این دارد با توجه به اینکه ماهیت قدرت نرم بر بنیاد جذابیت استوار میباشد لذا منابع مختلفی از یک دولت-ملت، قادر به نقشآفرینی در این شیوه قدرت خواهند بود. از همین رو ظرفیت نظامی یک کشور نیز میتواند به کمک شیوههایی چون: کمک به آموزش نیروهای نظامی کشورهای خارجی، مشارکت در اعزام نیروهای حافظ صلح در مناطق تحت درگیری و منازعه، کمک به حفظ امنیت بینالملل در چارچوب چند جانبهگرایی، برگزاری یا حضور موثر در آخرین نمایشگاههای تجهیزات نظامی، حفظ و ارتقا روابط نظامی صلحآمیز با کشورهای نظام بینالملل و.. در قدرت نرم نقش فعالی را ایفا نماید.
https://journal.iag.ir/article_135275_de3727dbd40f577b6c2f108459f13ba8.pdf
2022-03-21
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قدرت نرم
ماهیت
کارکرد
جذابیت
قدرت نظامی
سید جواد
موسوی زارع
mousavizare1991@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
سید هادی
زرقانی
h-zarghani@um.ac.ir
2
دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
مصطفی
امیرفخریان
amirfakhriyan@yahoo.com
3
استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری . دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
AUTHOR
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3
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مکان و فضا: خوانشی انتقادی
این پژوهش با رویکردی بنیادی و با استفاده از روش تحلیلی- توصیفی انجام پذیرفته است تا حوزۀ کاربردی مقوله های فضا و مکان را در ارتباط با خاستگاه فلسفی آنها مورد مداقه و واکاوی قرار دهد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد، علاوه بر دیدگاه سنتی(پوزیتیویسم)، سه مکتب- پدیدارشناسی، مارکسیسم و پُست مدرن- مهمترین تأثیر و بیشترین حجم مفاهیم را دربارۀ دو مقولۀ فضا و مکان دارند. در این میان، رویکرد مارکسیستی، روابط اجتماعی، حوزه های مصرف و تولید سرمایه داری و تناقضات این نظام را در فضا مد نظر قرار میدهد. مکتب پُست مدرن بیشتر به روابط سلطه و قدرت در فضاهای بخش بندی شده اشاره دارد؛ و مکتب پدیدارشناسی بیشتر به مفهوم تجربه زیستی در مکان توجه دارد وفضامندی در اینجا اهمیت ثانویه می یابد . همچنین، مکاتب سه گانه، از دیدگاه دکارتی دربارۀ فضا و مکان به عنوان مقوله ای مطلق، فاصله می گیرند و به سوی فضا به مثابه فرایند و حوزۀ روابط و مکان به مثابه تجربۀ زیسته می روند.
https://journal.iag.ir/article_115135_075e75c11d89ef65588d9af7eb9f9b29.pdf
2022-03-21
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مکان
فضا
پدیدارشناسی
مارکسیسم
پستمدرن
رسول
افضلی
rafzali@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
AUTHOR
مرجان
بدیعی ازنداهی
mbadiee@ut.ac.ir
2
استادیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
کیومرث
یزدان پناه درو
kyazdanpanah@ut.ac.ir
3
استادیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
AUTHOR
عظیم
زمانی
ala.zhyan@yahoo.com
4
دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afroq, E (2015). Space and Society: Urban space and social inequality, Tehran: Science Publication. [In Persian]
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تحول مفهومی ناسیونالیسم چینی و تأثیر آن بر تکوین سیاست خارجی توسعهگرا
یکی از مهمترین فاکتورها در تعیین جهت سیاست خارجی کشورها سبک و سیاق ملیگرایی در آن کشور است. در گفتمان سیاسی چین همانند بسیاری از کشورها گونههای متفاوتی از ملیگرایی وجود دارد. اما فقط یک گونه از ملیگرایی به جایگاه مسلط در سیاست خارجی چین رسیده است و به عنوان یکی از فاکتورهای تاثیرگذار به تکوین سیاست خارجی توسعهگرا عمل کمک کرده است. مقاله پیشرو با بررسی انواع ملیگرایی در چین در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که گونه مسلط ملیگرایی در چین چگونه به تکوین سیاست خارجی توسعهگرا کمک کرده است؟ در قالب نظریه سازهانگاری این فرضیه مطرح شده است که «دولت توسعهگرای چین ناسیونالیسم را به مسیر عملگرایی سوق داده است و باعث تکوین سیاست خارجی توسعهگرا به عنوان یک برساخت سیاسی شده است.» نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان میدهد که سیاست خارجی توسعهگرایانۀ چین هم ابزار و هم محصول تفسیر اقتصادی از ناسیونالیسم است که باعث رشد فزاینده شاخصهای اقتصادی در چین شده است.. . . . . . . . .
https://journal.iag.ir/article_115133_a01ab5e24d37f18e116a47f3ac330b89.pdf
2022-03-21
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: چین
ملیگرایی
سیاست خارجی
سازهانگاری
توسعهگرایی
احسان
فلاحی
eh.fallahi@gmail.com
1
کاندید دریافت درجه دکتری روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
AUTHOR
علی
امیدی
aliomidi@ase.ui.ac.ir
2
دانشیار روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
عنایت الله
یزدانی
eyazdan@ase.ui.ac.ir
3
دانشیار روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
AUTHOR
Ahmadi, H (2016). Ethnicity and racist in Iran, Tehran: Ney Publication. [In Persian]
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تبیین پارادایمهای رئالیسم و لیبرالیسم در مناسبات هیدروپلیتیکی
مسائل روزافزون هیدروپلیتیکی به یکی از مسائل راهبردی در روابط بینالملل تبدیل شدهاند. درخصوص آبهای فرامرزی، این مسائل بهطور مستقیم تحت تأثیر مناسبات سیاسی و امنیتی بین دولتها قرار میگیرند که میتوانند راهبردهای سیاستی و امنیتی دولتها را تحت تأثیر قرار دهند. در طول تاریخ، پارادایمهای متفاوتی نسبت به مقوله مراودات هیدروپلیتیکی وجود داشته است که واکاوی آنها از اهمیت بسزائی برخوردار است زیرا نمایانگر آن است که سیاستها و راهبردهای اتخاذ شده در مناسبات هیدروپلیتیکی ریشه در چه نگرشی دارند، دارای چه نواقصی هستند و چگونه میتوانند بهبود یابند. این مقاله، با ماهیت بنیادی-نظری و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به تبیین بازتاب پارادایمهای رئالیسم و لیبرالیسم و نظریات آنها در مناسبات هیدروپلیتیکی میپردازد. نتایج مطالعات نشان میدهد به دلیل وجود رابطه درهمتنیده «سیاست، امنیت، هویت و آب»، تحلیل مناسبات هیدروپلیتیکی نیازمند فراپارادایمی اندیشیدن است زیرا هر پارادایم، تنها از زاویهای خاص به این مناسبات مینگرد و انتخاب هر رویکرد میتواند تأثیر جدی بر نحوه تحلیل روابط و تبیین راهبردهای کشورها در مواجهه با مسائل هیدروپلیتیکی در نظام بینالملل داشته باشد.
https://journal.iag.ir/article_113031_5623d2220529a426b9cd2e420cbb9ed8.pdf
2022-03-21
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186
مناقشه و همکاری آبی
تراژدی منابع مشترک
جنگ آب
وابستگی متقابل
نهاد آب
حجت
میان آبادی
hmianabadi@modares.ac.ir
1
استادیار گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
سیده زهرا
قریشی
zghoreishy@ut.ac.ir
2
دانشآموخته کارشناسیارشد مهندسی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، البرز، ایران.
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
نقش ژئوپلیتیک در تشدید بحرانهای بینالمللی(مطالعه موردی: بحران سوریه)
در ایجاد، گسترش و تشدید بحرانهای بینالمللی متغیرهای متعددی نقشآفرینی میکنند؛ در این میان متغیر ژئوپلیتیک وزن ویژهای دارد. هدف این مقاله نیز بررسی رابطه بین این دو متغیر با استفاده از روش توصیفی –تحلیلی است. هرچه موقعیت ژئوپلیتیک کشور بحرانزده از حیث دارا بودن منابع طبیعی و حضور در یک منطقه استراتژیک حائز اهمیت برای قدرتهای بزرگ، برجستهتر باشد؛ بحران بوجودآمده استعداد بیشتری برای تبدیلشدن به یک بحران بینالمللی را خواهد داشت. این فرضیه در مورد بحران سوریه به آزمون گذاشته میشود. مدعای پژوهش پیشرو درباره بحران سوریه این است که موقعیت برجسته ژئوپلیتیکی(منابع مادی، ارزشی و استراتژیک) سوریه یکی از عوامل اصلی تشدید بحران این کشور در طول 10 سال گذشته بوده است. به عبارت دیگر اگر سوریه موقعیت فعلی ژئوپلیتیکی(حضور در مرکز خاورمیانه، همسایگی با اسرائیل و دریای مدیترانه، حضور در مرکز رقابتهای منطقهای بین جریان محافظهکار و انقلابی منطقه و منابع نفتی و گازی) را نداشت؛ بحران در این کشور تشدید نمیشد.
https://journal.iag.ir/article_118134_8d4c8ec3730a3332302573be14b33402.pdf
2022-03-21
187
215
ژئوپلیتیک
بحرانهای بینالمللی
بحران سوریه
علایق ژئوپلیتیک
حسین
دهشیار
h_daheshiar@yahoo.com
1
استاد گروه روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
AUTHOR
سید محمد
امین آبادی
aminabadi@gmail.com
2
دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مطالعه تطبیقی الگوی تأمین نیروی انسانی دفاعی کشور از طریق تحول از ارتش وظیفهای به ارتش حرفهای
انقلاب در امور نظامی و تحول در حوزههای دفاعی یکی از مهمترین موضوعاتی است که سالهای متمادی توجه سیاستمداران و استراتژیستهای دفاعی نظامی را به خود جلب کرده است. تحول دفاعی در قرن بیستم عمدتاً در حوزه تسلیحات و فناوری نظامی مورد توجه بوده است و تحول در حوزههای ساختار و سازمان دفاعی در مقایسه با تحول در فناوری دفاعی روند بسیار کندی را سپری کرده بود اما با ورود به قرن بیست و یکم تحول در ساختار و سازمان نیروهای مسلح کشورها در قالب تحول از ارتشهای وظیفهای به ارتش حرفهای بطور وسیعی مورد توجه کشورهای جهان قرار گرفت بطوریکه فقط در دهه اول قرن بیستم حدود 30 کشور ساختار و سازمان دفاعی نظامی خود را از سربازی اجباری و ارتش وظیفهای به سربازی داوطلبانه و ارتش حرفهای تغییر دادهاند که در حال حاضر این تعداد از کشورها به رقم حدود 100 رسیدهاند. ایران نیز در زمینه تحول دفاعی سیاستهای قابل توجهی در حوزه تسلیحات و فناوری نظامی تجربه کرده است اما در حوزه ساختار و سازمان نظامی تحول قابل توجهی را تجربه نکرده است. علت اصلی این عدم تحول در ایران فقر نظری و مطالعات تطبیقی و امکانسنجیها در زمینه تحول از ارتش وظیفهای به ارتش حرفهای بوده است. در این مقاله تلاش شده است با مطالعه تطبیقی تجربه کشورهای جهان و تبیین نوع و جایگاه آنها در نظام تجول دفاعی جهان، سیاستها و استراتژیهای موفق کشورهای پیش رو در مورد ایران تبیین گردد. در این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی انجام شده، تلاش شده است ابتدا وضعیت کشورهای جهان در نظام تحول دفاعی بررسی شده و فرآیند این تحولات پس از جنگ جهانی دوم تا کنون بررسی شود و سپس کشورها و ارتشهای موفق در زمینه تحول دفاعی از ارتش وظیفهای به ارتش حرفهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و ضمن مقایسه موقعیت ایران با کشور منتخب که 10 کشور میباشد سیاستها و راهبردهای موفق این کشورها که قابلیت بومیسازی در ایران را دارند، تبیین شدهاند.
https://journal.iag.ir/article_99199_e5a2d51c630747aa72e60ba4cc38990c.pdf
2022-03-21
216
258
نظام تحول دفاعی
ارتش حرفهای
ارتش وظیفهای
سرباز حرفهای
انقلاب در امور نظامی
کامل
منیری
kamelmoniri@gmail.com
1
دانشآموخته دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بحران در روابط فراآتلانتیکی و ظهور اورآسیاگرایی در سیاست خارجی ترکیه
این مقاله به دنبال فهم نظاممند سازوکارهای چرخش ژئوپلیتیکی سیاست خارجی ترکیه به اورآسیاست. برخلاف دیدگاههای غالب که اورآسیاگرایی یا چرخش به شرق را نمودی از تغییر ساختاری در سیاست خارجی ترکیه و خروج آن از اتحاد فراآتلانتیکی تئوریزه میکنند، این مقاله ظهور اورآسیاگرایی را نه به عنوان یک تحول پارادایمی در نگرش ژئوپلیتیکی آنکارا بلکه واکنشی عملگرایانه به شرایط در حال تغییر ساختاری، منطقهای و سیاست داخلی ترکیه طرح میکند. بر این اساس، مقاله با مفهوم بندی ژئوپلیتیکی اورآسیاگرایی در سیاست خارجی ترکیه، این ایده اصلی را مطرح می کند که بازتوزیع قدرت و ثروت بینالمللی با ظهور قدرتها و نهادهای شرقی در ساختار حکمرانی جهانی، بحران در روابط فراآتلانتیکی، الزامات راهبردی ژئوپلیتیک در حال تغییر منطقهای بهویژه محیط پیرامونی ترکیه، و پویاییهای سیاست داخلی بهویژه بعد از کودتای نافرجام 2016، آنکارا را به سمت چندجانبهگرایی و تنوعبخشی به ایدههای ژئوپلیتیکی سوق داده است. در چنین بستری، اورآسیاگرایی در سیاست خارجی ترکیه به معنای طرح جایگزینی در مقابل غربگرایی سنتی این کشور نیست..
https://journal.iag.ir/article_122891_2cceb556c02361dec6e6b64d8e95ed7e.pdf
2022-03-21
259
288
اورآسیاگرایی
روابط فراآتلانتیکی
ژئوپلیتیک و سیاست خارجی
ترکیه
ولی
گل محمدی
vali.golmohammadi@modares.ac.ir
1
استادیار و عضو هیأت علمی گروه روابط بینالملل دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
گامی بهسوی الگوی نظری نظم پراکنشی- شاخهای در سیاست بینالملل نوین
سیستم بینالملل در فاز گذار از سیستم ساده و خطی به پیچیده و آشوبی، در چارچوب سیستمهای چندپیکری است که این موضوع چالشهای نوینی را برای تبیین نظم در آن ایجاد کرده است. ادبیات روابط بینالملل، نظم را از دیدگاه ساده و کلاسیک مورد مطالعه قرار دادهاند و تصوری خطی از آن داشتهاند، این در حالی است که این سیستم از گونه پیچیده و آشوبی است. الگوی نوینی از نظم در حال پدیدار شدن است که نظریههای موجود روابط بینالملل از تبیین آن ناتوان هستند. بر این اساس پرسمان اصلی پژوهش حاضر بر محوریت الگوی نظری تبیینکننده نظم پیچیده و آشوبی سیستم بینالملل پیچیده شکل میگیرد. هدف اصلی مفهومسازی چنین نظمی است که نویسنده با بهرهگیری از بنیانهای هستیشناسانه و شناختشناسانه نظریه پیچیدگی و گزارههای نظری آن و بهرهگیری از رهیافت روشی ابداکتیو، الگوی نظم شاخهای – پراکنشی را به عنوان الگوی نظری نوآورانه به جامعه علمی روابط بینالملل ارائه میکند.
https://journal.iag.ir/article_115134_4aa669aa5830ba8bd366ed7e7d68e7f6.pdf
2022-03-21
289
314
پیچیدگی
نظم شاخه ای –پراکنشی
موازنه قدرت شاخهای
سیستم بینالملل پیچیده
نظم جهانی نوین
فرهاد
قاسمی
faghasemi@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشیار روابط بینالملل دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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