ژئوپلیتیک، ژئواکونومیک و چشم‌انداز همکاری ایران و هند در چابهار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با آغاز سده بیست و یکم ایران و هند موافقت‌نامه‌های زیادی جهت گسترش همکاری اقتصادی و سیاسی با یکدیگر امضا کرده­اند. یکی از مهم‌ترین همکاری‌های دو کشور، توافق‌نامه سرمایه‌گذاری هند در چابهار است. ایران و هند طبق اعلامیه دهلی‌نو در سال 2003 توافق کردند که بندر چابهار را توسعه بخشند اما توافق نهایی بین دو کشور در می 2016 حاصل شد و در سال 2019 سرمایه‌گذاری هند در چابهار عملیاتی شد. مقاله حاضر به بررسی دلایل تأخیر سرمایه‌گذاری هند(2003 تا 2019) در بندر چابهار و چشم‌انداز همکاری ایران و هند در این بندر می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش مورد استفاده در این تحقیق از نوع قیاسی-فرضیه‌ای است یعنی با استفاده از مفاهیم کلیدی ژئوپلیتیک و ژئواکونومیک به توصیف و تحلیل مسئله پرادخته می شود. گردآوری داده‌ها عمدتاً به صورت اسنادی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که به‌رغم منافع و اهداف مشترک ژئواکونومیکی، اما اهداف متضاد ژئوپلیتیکی دو کشور باعث شده تا روند سرمایه‌گذاری هند در چابهار با تأخیر روبه‌رو شده و نتایج ملموسی برای آن در آینده تصور نشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Geopolitics, Geo-economics and the Prospect of Iran-India Cooperation in Chabahar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Mohammad Haji-Yousefi 1
  • Hadi Narouei 2
1 Associate Professor, Political Science and International Relations, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran
2 M.A. in International Relations, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran,Iran
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Chabahar as a deep-sea port is located near the Oman Sea. Chabahar’s location is very important for many countries such as India. India and Iran in 2003 singed the “New Delhi Declaration”. The declaration was about a lot of issues like investment, South-North Corridor and trade. One of the most important issues in this declaration was India and Iran’s plan for developing the Chabahar port. But after two decades, the Chabahar agreement in 2016 was signed and ratified, though after two years the progress has been very slow. In short, despite Iran and India's willingness to develop the Chabahar port, their cooperation in this port has had its ups and downs and has not yet reached a definite end. With this introduction, the question is that, given the delay in the development of Chabahar port, what are the obstacles to cooperation between the two countries, and what are the goals of Iran and India for the development of the Chabahar port and whether the goals of the two countries are overlapped. So, the main question of the paper is that what are the main reasons for delaying India's investment project in Chabahar (from 2003 to 2019) and what is the prospect of cooperation between the two countries in Chabahar port?
 
Methodology
By applying a conceptual as well as theoretical framework using the geopolitics and geo-economics literature, the research is mainly based on a descriptive-analytic method. The data gathering procedure is based on library findings and interviews.
 
Results and Discussion
From the geo-economic aspect, Iran and India have common goals. Both countries want to use Chabahar port as a commercial and transit hub. India seeks to facilitate its access to central Asia and Afghanistan’s markets and resources, and Iran has been trying to attract FDI and access to more markets. On the other hand, conflicting geopolitical goals seems to be a main hindrance for India and Iran’s cooperation in Chabahar port. Iran is trying to use the port as a tool to confront the US in the region. India as other partner wants to use the port against China and Pakistan. Iran does not want to strain its relation with China and Pakistan, and India has good relation with the US and two countries in some areas have strategic cooperation. From Iran’s aspect, it does not want to use its port against its real friends. For Iran, China and Pakistan are good friends in the South and East Asia and thus wants to develop its relationship with them. In this regard, we cannot see a tangible accomplishment in the near future for both countries in Chabahar port.
 
Conclusions
If India and Iran don’t change their view of Chabahar from a geopolitical to a geo-economical port, we possibly will not see any progress in their cooperation in Chabahar port in near future. They should use Chabahar as an economic tool to increase economic interactions in Central, South and West Asia. Iran needs to invite other states like South Korea and Japan to invest in the port. And at the end, Iran should increase economic choices for countries that participate in the port like India and Afghanistan

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chabahar Port
  • Iran
  • India
  • Geo-economics
  • Geopolitics
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