نقش پروژۀ گاپ در هیدروپلیتیک حوضۀ آبریز رودخانه‌های دجله و فرات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه میبد، یزد، ایران.

3 استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه آب به منزلۀ بقا و راه دستیابی به قدرت تلقی می‌شود. کشورهای بالادست رودخانه‌های بین‌المللی به فکر مدیریت آب‌هایی هستند که از خاک آن‌ها خارج می‌شود که پروژۀ گاپ در ترکیه نمونه‌ای از این اقدامات می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و منابع اسنادی و کتابخانه در پی پاسخ به این سوال است که نقش پروژۀ گاپ در هیدروپلیتیک حوضۀ رودخانه‌های دجله و فرات چیست و استراتژی ترکیه از اجرای این طرح چست؟ نتایج مطالعه حاضر بر پایۀ رویکرد نظری هیدرورئالسیتی نشان می‌دهد که ترکیه به‌عنوان کشوری هیدروهژمون در بالادست دو رودخانۀ فرامرزی دجله و فرات و با بکارگیری استراتژی یک‌جانبه‌گرا(خود‌تفسیری) در الگوی روابط هیدروپلیتیکی با سایر کشورهای حوضه باعث شده تا چالش‌های هیدروپلیتیکی گوناگونی در ابعاد مختلف زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی متوجه کشورهای پائین‌دست شود. لذا، تقویت دیپلماسی آب با رویکرد مصالحت‌آمیز در روابط هیدروپلیتیکی کشورهای منطقه، تغییر نگرش نظامی و امنیّتی به موقعیّت رودخانه‌های دجله و فرات به نگرش تعاملی و همکاری، اصلاح و توسعه روابط هیدروپلیتیکی کشورهای حوضه برای مذاکرات دو یا چندجانبه، تشکیل شورای هماهنگی حقوق آب در منطقه از مهم‌ترین راهکارها در این مطالعه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of GAP Project in Hydropolitics of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yashar Zaki 1
  • Mohammad Sadegh Talebi 2
  • Marjan Badiee Azandehi 3
  • Muhammad Yusefi shatoori 4
1 Associate Professor of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Maybod University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 M.A student of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract     
Today, water is considered as a way of survival and gaining power. The upstream countries of the international rivers are thinking about managing the water that comes out of their soil, as the GAP project in Turkiye is an example. The present study seeks to answer the question of what is the role of the GAP project in the hydropolitics of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and what is Turkiye’s strategy for the implementation of this project? The results of the present study, based on the theoretical approach of hydraulicity, show that Turkiye, as a hydro-hegemonic country upstream of the Tigris and Euphrates transboundary rivers, has adopted a unilateral (self-interpretive) strategy in the pattern of hydropolitical relations with other watersheds in the basin. Therefore, strengthening water diplomacy with a conciliatory approach in the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the region, changing the military and security attitude to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to an interactive and cooperative attitude, reforming and developing the hydropolitical relations of the basin countries for bilateral or multilateral negotiations are important.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydropolitics
  • Tigris and Euphrates Basin
  • GAP
  • Hydro-hegemony
  • Hydro-realism
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