بررسی تطبیقی گفتمان سیاست خارجی دولت روحانی و دولت احمدی‌نژاد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مسائل ایران، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 استادیار علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 استادیار علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

با فهم نظام و ساختار معنایی دولت‌ها، می‌توان به تحلیل، بررسی و حتی پیش‌بینی رفتار و سیاست خارجی آنان پرداخت. در پژوهش حاضر سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در دوره‌های دولت یازدهم و دوازدهم بر مبنای تحلیل گفتمان اعتدال و در مقایسه‌ای با گفتمان عدالت‌محور دولت احمدی‌نژاد مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. به طور کل با به قدرت رسیدن حسن روحانی، شاهد حضور گفتمانی جدید بر ساختار معنایی دولت هستیم. بر این اساس این پرسش مطرح می‌شود که تغییر گفتمان عدالت‌محور دولت احمدی‌نژاد به گفتمان اعتدال روحانی، چه تاثیری بر سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران داشته است و در پی کسب چه اهدافی است؟ یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر که برای پیشبرد مباحث خویش از روش ترکیبیِ توصیفی- تحلیلی بهره گرفته است، حاکی از آن است که سیاست جمهوری اسلامی ایران بر اساس گفتمان اعتدال، رویکرد مبتنی بر تعامل‌گرایی موثر و سازنده را در راستای  بهبود و گسترش روابط با کشورهای منطقه و نظام بین‌الملل موجب گردیده است و رفتار مبتنی بر تعامل و تفاهم را  جایگزین رفتار مبتنی بر تقابل و تهاجم کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study of Foreign Policy Discourses; Rouhani's Administration and Ahmadinejad's Administration

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saleh Bolouky 1
  • Mehdi Khoshkhati 2
  • Bahman Keshavarz Ghasemabadi 3
1 PhD student in Iranian studies, Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract     
Introduction
By understanding the structure of the states, it is highly likely to analyze, examine and even it is possible to predict the behavior and direction of their foreign policies. The present paper will shed light on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during both terms of Hassan Rouhani’s administrations. Theoretically, the article has been based upon the Discourse Analysis. Generally, as Hassan Rouhani came to power, a new political discourse had taken shape in Iran since 2013. With this said, the main question of the article is this, “what are the implications and objects of the transition from the Justice-oriented discourse of Ahmadinejad’s administration to the Moderation discourse of Rouhani for the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy?” The findings of the article illustrate that the moderate standpoint of the president Rouhani’s administrations had resulted in following a constructive and effective interaction with the regional and trans-regional countries which was in fact a goal to improve and enhance the relations of the country with others. The article uses a descriptive-analytic mixed method in order to examine the hypothesis that has been fabricated to answer the question. Furthermore, it had also resulted in a replacement in the country’s point of view which had been based on the relations that emphasized on interaction and understanding against the opposition and offensive relations.
 
Methodology
This research method is descriptive-analytic, and the data gathering procedure is based on library findings. In order to diversify the research literature, this article employs a variety of literature and data in Persian and English.
 
Results and Discussion
The structure and semantic structure of a state has always played an important role in its foreign policy. Rouhani's administrations behavior and foreign policy can be researched considering the discourse of moderation and its fundamental differences with the discourse of Ahmadinejad's administration. The justice-centered discourse with the central sign of justice tried to revive the role of justice in global developments and by challenging the (in his opinion) unfair practices of the international system, help the process of balancing right and wrong in the field of international politics. Therefore, by emphasizing and knowing the right of his religious and revolutionary beliefs, he brings an aggressive and confrontational approach to the field of foreign policy for the Islamic Republic. The result of such a system of meaning for Iran in the field of foreign policy is a return to revolutionary principles in foreign policy, referring the Iranian nuclear case to the Security Council and issuing multiple resolutions and sanctioning Iran, enmity with the United States and the Zionist regime, supporting the freedom movement and activities. The section looks to the East to replace the West, looking south-south to form a new anti-imperialist front on the one hand and close to the private life of America on the other.
On the other hand, Hassan Rouhani came to power with the promise of improving foreign relations through effective and constructive interaction with the international system. The system and structure of the meaning of his government was based on the substantive meaning of his words, speech and language, the discourse of moderation. A discourse that, based on its central sign, tries to establish a kind of balance between idealism and realism. The fundamental elements of moderation discourse based on; There are rationalism, realism, evolutionism, interactionism, justiceism, perfectionism, multilateralism, developmentism, securityism, dignityism and pacifism. Based on this, the foreign policy principles of this adminstration are explained and designed based on the effective and constructive interaction with the international system, de-escalation and the cost-benefit approach, and the result of this in the field of foreign policy for the Islamic Republic is the improvement and expansion of relations with the countries of the region and It is an international system.
 
Conclusions
Based on its semantic structure and system, moderation discourse has paid attention to the effective and thorough interaction with the regional and global system as the fundamental principles of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic during the Hassan Rouhani period. One of the approaches of such a belief is the withdrawal of Iran's case from the Security Council through the resolution of the nuclear issue by implementing the JCPOA agreement, the international system's trust in the Islamic Republic as a wise back player, and also the improvement and expansion of Iran's relations with the countries of the region and the Islamic Republic. International pointed out.
In this research, assuming the effect of the semantic system on the formulation and operationalization of actors' behavior, we tried to analyze the discourse of the Ahmadinejad and Rouhani administrations, and then pointed out how the discourse of moderation affects the foreign policy of Hassan Rouhani's administration. Based on what was mentioned, the behavior of the Rouhani government is based on the central sign of the discourse of moderation, which is to establish a balance between the foreign policy goals in the field of Islamic interests and national interests on the one hand, and a balance between the foreign policy goals and tools between the elements of national power in the development of foreign relations. And the structure of foreign policy, we will expand and improve the relations of the Islamic Republic with the countries of the region and the international system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Discourse
  • Moderation
  • Justice Oriented
  1. Aghaee, D. (2003). International Organization, Saraye Edalat Publications, Tehran. [In Persian]
  2. Ahmadi Nezhad, M (2011). The full text of Ahmadinejad's speech at the United Nations General Assembly, http://irdiplomacy.ir/fa/news/16457/ %D9%85 %D8%AA%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B3% D8 %AE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85% D8% AF %DB%8C-%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D 9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9% 85% DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-% D9% 85 %D9%84%D9%84. [In Persian]
  3. Akhavan Kazemi, B. (2009). The Discourse of Justic in the Ninth State, Journal of Political Science, No. 2, PP. 195-243. [In Persian]
  4. Arıkan, P. (2015). Change in Foreign Policy of Iran Under Rouhani Government and Its Reflections in Domestic Politics, Orsam Review Of Regiona Affairs: No. https://www.academia.edu/22018613/Change_in_Foreign_Policy_of_Iran_Under_Rouhani_Government_and_Its_Reflections_in_Domestic_Politics.
  5. Bashiriyeh, H. (1995). Political Sociology: The role of social forces in political life, Ney Publications, Tehran. [In Persian]
  6. Baylis, J; Smith, S; Rahchamani, A. (2004). The globalization of politics: international relations in the modern era,  Abrar Moaser Publication, Tehran. [In Persian]
  7. Dehghani Firozabadi, S. J (2008). Emancipating Foreign Policy: Critical Throry and Islamic Republic of Iran,s Foreign Polict, The Iranian Journal of International Affairs XX, No,3.
  8. Dehghani Firozabadi, S. J (2013). The discourse of moderation in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Diplomatic Hamshahri, No. 74, http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/print/224203. [In Persian]
  9. Fazeli, M. (2004). Discourse and critical discourse analysis, Journal of Executive Management, Vol. 4, No. 14, PP. 81-107. [In Persian]
  10. Jorgensen, M; Philips, L. (2002). Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method, London: Sage Publication.
  11. Hadad, GH. (2015). The new semantic structure of fundamentalists and the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic ( 2005-2013), Political Science, No. 3, PP.41-110. [In Persian]
  12. Hassan, H. (2008). CRS Report for Congress, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/pdf.
  13. Iran’s Politics and Foreign Policy (2016). Chatham House, https://www. chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/events/2016-03-13-irans-politics-foreign-policy-workshop-summary.pdf.
  14. Gee, J. P .(1999). An Introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method, Routledge.
  15. Khatami, S.A. (2006). Quranic foundations of the Islamic state, Iran Newspaper, End of the year special. [In Persian]
  16. Katzman, K. (2016). Iran’s Foreign Policy, Congressional Research Service, https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20160627_R44017_f37be3e5ccbf6b9555216b40d03abaa31a990742.pdf.
  17. Khalili, R; Mehraban, H. (2019). International Social Capital; A Framework for Explaining Iran and Saudi Arabia Relations, Geopolitics Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 54, PP. 118-145. [In Persian]
  18. Mohammadi, M. (2011). The future of the international system and the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Publishing Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran. [In Persian]
  19. Mohammad Nia, M. (2015). Comparing Foreign Policy of Moderate government with that of the Principles government, Political Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, PP. 175-204, http://journals.abru.ac.ir/article_15578.html?lang=fa. [In Persian]
  20. Mohammadian, A; Rezaei, A.(2016). Explain the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Hassan Rohani From the perspective of continuum theory of James N. Rosenau, Global Conference of New Horizons in Humanities, Future Research and Empowerment,https://www.sid.ir/fa/seminar/ViewPaper.aspx? ID =21683. [In Persian]
  21. Monshipouri, M; Dorraj, M. (2013). Iran's Foreign Policy: A Shifting Strategic Landscape, Middle East Policy Council, Vol. 20, No. 4, https://onlinelibrary. wiley .com/doi/abs/10.1111/mepo.12052.
  22. Mossalanejad, A (2016). The Effect of Sanction Policy on Iran Nuclear Talks, Geopolitics Quarterly, Vol. 11, No.39. PP. 1-32. [In Persian]
  23. Mousavi, S; Ghaffari, M; shariati, S (2021). Geopolitical Consequences of Expanding China-Turkey Relations on Iran (Case Study: Interconnecting "Middle Corridor" and "Belt and Road" Project), Vol.17, No. 9, PP. 119-148. [In Persian]
  24. Naghdi, F; Mousavi Shafaee, S. M; Rokneddin Eftekhari, A; Eslami, M (2020). Developing a Dynamic Political Strategy for I.R.I’s International Interactions for Economic Development, Vol. 16, No. 8, PP. 7-31. [In Persian]
  25. Niyakoee, S. A;  Zamani, M. (2016).  The Explanation Of The Eleventh Cabinet Nuclear Diplomacy In Iran By Applying The Decision-Making Theory Of Roseanau, Scientific Information Database, Vol. 9, No. 33,PP. 181-218, https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=275748. [In Persian]
  26. Omidi, A (2007). Commercial opportunities and challenges of Iran's membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Business reviews, No. [In Persian]
  27. Rezaei, A; Ghasem, T.(2013). The Foreign Policy of Hassan Rouhani, Constructive Interaction within the Framework of Development Oriented Government, Quarterly journal of political and international research, V0l. 5, No. 15, PP. 131-161, http://pir.iaush.ac.ir/article_552039.html?lang=fa. [In Persian]
  28. Rohani, H (2013). The full text of Dr. Rouhani's speech at the 68th United Nations General Assembly, https://www.president.ir/fa/71572. [In Persian]
  29. Salehzadeh, A (2013). Iran’s Domestic and Foreign Policies, National Defence University Department of Strategic and Defence Studies, Series 4: Working Papers, No. 49, https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/92615.
  30. Salimi, H; Dehghani Firoozabadi, S. J; Pouresmaili, N (2017). Theoretical Analysis of the Relations between Regional System and Foreign Policy, Geopolitics Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 8, PP. 1-24 http://journal.iag.ir/articlehtml. [In Persian]
  31. Salmani Jelodar, Y; Barzegar, K; Zakerian, M; Ahmadi, H. (2020).JCPOA and its Impact on Iran’s Regional Policies and Strategies: Continuity or Change,International Quartery of Geopolitics, Vol. 16, No. 8,  172-202, http://journal.iag.ir/article_114821.html. [In Persian]
  32. Shanahan, R. (2015). Iranian foreign policy under Rouhani, Lowy Institute, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/188299/iranian-foreign-policy-under-rouhani.pdf.
  33. Shirkhani, M. A; Khoshghoftar Lame, H (2012). Discourse and performance of political economy in Tahsildar governments, Vol. 21, No. 1, PP. 136-160, http://ensani.ir/fa/article/306842. [In Persian]
  34. Takeyh, R (2006). A Profile in Defiance: Being Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, The National Interest, No. 38, PP. 16-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42897593.
  35. Tavana, M. A; Rahmani, T; Eslami, H (2016). Analysis of Ahmadinejad Government's Foreign Policy According to the Critical Theory of International Relations,  International Journal of Political Science, Vol. 4, No. 8, https: //journals.iau.ir/article_532755_8bca49dc7740cfe1476bf96b412c80d3.pdf.