انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران فصلنامه بین المللی ژئوپلیتیک 1735-4331 13 47 2017 09 23 United States Geo-strategy in Asia Pacific; Change or Continuation? ژئواستراتژی آمریکا در آسیا پاسیفیک؛ تداوم یا تغییر؟ 139 175 55810 FA محمدجواد قهرمانی دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تهران Journal Article 2017 03 06 Introduction<br />Asia pacific is an important region in world economy and security. Given to this, and because<br />of growing power of china and increased threat of North Korea, U.S. in recent years has<br />concentrated to this region. It's clear manifestation was Asia pivot or rebalancing by Obama's<br />administration. But, Donald Trump as elected U.S. new president both in his election<br />campaign and after winning the completion, has declared some new principles that are very<br />different from past. Because of this, in this article, we are seeking the answer to these<br />question: is there a new trend in U.S. in relation to Asia Pacific? Do the geostrategic pivot of<br />Washington in changing? <br />Methodology<br />With a descriptive-analytical method, present work try to analyze the limitation and<br />requirements of U.S. Foreign Policy in contemporary era. <br />Findings<br />The significances of Asia pacific for U.S. are:<br />- Presence of U.S. allies in this region;<br />- Growing region Economic contribution in world economy;<br />- China's rising;<br />- North Korea threat;<br />- Taiwan issue;<br />- South and east China sea.<br />American Asia Pivot strategy: Asia pivot is the strategy the U.S. under Obama specially<br />from 2011 has pursued. The pillars of this strategy are:<br />- Promotion of U.S. alliance system and increase the relations with rising partners<br />- Enforcing institutional and multilateral presence<br />- Enhancing military activity in the region<br />- Trying to promoting the human rights situation in regional countries<br />The limitations and opportunities of U.S. declared policy by Trump in Asia<br />Pacific region:<br />Donald Trump has declared some promises that some of them are impossible because of their<br />costs for American position in international system and its economy and welfare of people.<br />These declared policies by Trump include: increasing tariffs on imported goods from China<br />to U.S.; decreasing Washington support of allies; exit from some institutional framework<br />such as TPP and … .<br />This study for analyzing this issue has focused on behavioral requirements of a pole in<br />unipolar system. For keeping the status quo, U.S. as the only pole in international system<br />should maintains its alliances with regional power to balance against a growing power. In<br />addition to this, increasing tariff against Chinese goods causes retaliation from china. This,<br />also can increase the prices of goods in U.S.. Moreover, retreating from T.P.P leads to<br />increase in China's regional and institutional role. It should be noted that contrary to Trump<br />naive view, American companies have gone to china because of cheap labors costs, as a result<br />they don’t prefer to come back to U.S. even, they prefer to go to cheaper countries such as<br />Vietnam. <br />Analysis<br />Given to this situation and existence a systemic approach in U.S. establishment on grand<br />strategy of white house, it seems that Washington maintains its alliances in Asia Pacific,<br />keeps its military presence, and as same as past, U.S. will prefer to continue its relations with<br />China, so their relation have both elements of conflict and cooperation. In addition, Trump<br />administration probably continue American Taiwan past policy, and we don’t see any break<br />from conventional policy. <br />Conclusion<br />It seems that the U.S. under Trump will follow the major of rules that may maintain their<br />country as the salience power in international system. Even if he want to basically change its<br />foreign policy, the establishment oppose to his approach. Keeping the status quo, trying to<br />maintain unipolar System that U.S. is its leader, has some requirements that American leaders<br />know it well. ایالات‌متحده آمریکا به‌عنوان قدرت برتر در نظام بین‌الملل همواره به‌دنبال موازنه‌‌سازی در مناطق مختلف به‌منظور عدم ظهور قدرت همسنگ خود در مناطق مختلف بوده است. پس از حادثه یازده سپتامبر مقابله با تروریسم به محور سیاست خارجی آمریکا و منطقه خاورمیانه نیز به‌عنوان منطقه محوری کنش سیاست خارجی‌این کشور تبدیل شد. اما با افزایش نقش منطقه آسیاپاسیفیک در اقتصاد و امنیت جهانی، باراک اوباما با طرح استراتژی محور آسیایی به‌دنبال اولویت‌‌بخشی به این منطقه در سیاست خارجی ‌این کشور بود. از نمودهای این استراتژی می­توان به تلاش ایالات‌متحده جهت تقویت سیستم اتحادی و افزایش تعاملات با قدرت­های در حال ظهور، تلاش جهت افزایش حضور نظامی، حضور چندجانبه فعال­تر و پیشبرد دمکراسی و حقوق بشر بوده است. اما با توجه به چالش­های پیش‌‌رو و انتخاب ترامپ به‌عنوان رئیس‌جمهور آمریکا سؤالاتی در خصوص تداوم یا تغییر در این استراتژی این کشور مطرح شده است. این پژوهش با توجه به اهمیت آسیاپاسیفیک در اقتصاد، امنیت و سیاست جهان به بررسی پیامدهای مثبت و منفی رویکردهای مطرح شده دولت ترامپ می‌پردازد. با توجه به پیامدهای منفی کاهش حضور، این پژوهش بر این فرض مبتنی است که ایالات‌متحده گرچه همراه با تغییراتی، اما همچنان منطقه آسیاپاسیفیک را یکی از مهمترین اولویت­های سیاست خارجی خود می­داند.<br />   https://journal.iag.ir/article_55810_bbab90e4e6b919780dd338dd0c6f1f58.pdf