Geopolitics Quarterly

Geopolitics Quarterly

From Winter War to Russia-Ukraine War: The Importance of Alliances for Russia's Nordic-Baltic Neighbors

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ali Emamifar 1
Bahareh Sazmand 2
Hamed Mousavi 2
Ali Ashraf Nazari 3
1 MA Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/igq.2024.178369
Abstract
Abstract
The significance of having an alliance was defined in the Great War when weak European and strong countries decided to ally to fight the mighty power of the Central Powers. Afterward, fragile countries decided to join strong alliances to overcome threats from their neighbors. The Second World War was another example of being allied with strong countries to cope with threats from Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Japanese Empire. During the Winter War and Russia-Ukraine War, Finland, and Ukraine, respectively, resemble weak countries with limited military and economic capabilities taking on a dominant and belligerent force. Neorealism is one of the structural theories in International Relations, which states that states intend and follow the balance of power to ensure their security. Neorealism posits that security organizations and alliances are vital tools in the pursuit of balancing threats and ensuring national security. This research aims to highlight the importance of alliances with Russia's neighbors to avoid future conflicts with Russia. The main question of this research is why Russia's neighbors need to form or join alliances to hedge against Russia's aggression and assist member states in reducing the large amount of budget spent on military expenses. This research argues that Finland's position in 1939 and Ukraine's in 2022 are the consequence of self-reliance under an anarchic system without having an alliance and leading to final defeat or territory cession. This paper argues alliances can secure European countries and act as a shield from Russia's threats. This research will employ the explanatory method as its research method.
Keywords
Alliances
NATO
Neorealism
Russia-Ukraine War
Winter War

Subjects

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Geopolitics Quarterly
Volume 20, Issue 2
Spring 2024
Pages 55-85

  • Receive Date 14 December 2022
  • Revise Date 07 August 2023
  • Accept Date 01 September 2023