Extended Abstract
Introduction
Political geography is the study of the political dimension of space, and one of the most important elements of this dimension is security in general and national security in particular. The essential position of the security of countries is evident in the national strategies of governments. For this purpose, it should be able to provide a comprehensive functional guide for the policy makers and security managers of the countries, using a structured system in which the relationships are standardized. Therefore, the establishment of the doctrine of national security requires the design of a suitable model to evaluate the degree of realization and its developments. The aim of the research is to develop a comprehensive theoretical model of national security policy. The research carried out on the background of the subject has not yet produced a comprehensive model for assessing national security, so the main focus of the research is on designing a comprehensive theoretical model or mechanism for national security policy-making based on effective factors and discovering the relationship between these factors. The desired model will explain the emergence of national security with the main features of the political geography approach.
 
Methodology
The cognitive style in this research has two complementary origins: a) rationalism, b) positivism, the process of research studies has been evaluated and analyzed with rational arguments. On the other hand, the approach to the category of national security and its factors in this research is empirical in order to show the quantification and concreteness of the concept of national security and its indicators. Based on the nature and descriptive method, it is analytical in terms of attitude and approach to the problem. The research is based on the basic theoretical objective. The method of collecting data and information is library and documentary research. The research approach is logical explanation with two methods of deductive and inductive reasoning.
Finding
The political geography approach to national security has four dimensions: 1. spatial (territorial) 2. governmental 3. historical 4. Citizen.
1. Spatial dimension: National security from the perspective of this dimension of political geography approach to it is often manifested in three characteristics; A. Territory (desire - expansion), (assertive) b. Border (delimitation) c. Geographical location (neighborhood).
2. The human dimension: The characteristics of this dimension can be observed in the geopolitical approach to national security in the form of the threefold interrelationship of the sense of spatial belonging, spirit and national identity, and national will.
3. National security from the perspective of the state dimension in the political geography approach is intertwined with the three characteristics of state nationalism, the interdependence of political organizations and the style of government selection. This means that the state apparatus, as the main guardian and policy maker in the field of national security, is confronted with different styles of selection by the political-military forces and the people.
4.National security from a historical perspective: Throughout history, human societies have experienced four levels of security. First, in order to continue to live in the context of geographical space alone, man had to protect himself from the surprise of current events and occurrences, often of natural and animal origin.
The second level of security experience was formed when man became social and saw himself in small spatial units with cohesive social relationships.
In the third stage, each of the social-spatial units became larger and began to create political structures because of the need to manage collective activities and responsibilities.
At the fourth level, nations have approached their historical development in ecological-spatial contexts and have emerged as a nation based on their common historical origins and roots.
 
Analysis
The presented model of research in the form of a coherent and military whole of the structure of component relationships emphasizes the comprehensive dimensions of national security, it has general characteristics as follows:
A) Being perceptive:
This feature of the national security model shows the dependence of national ideas and ideologies on the basis of geographical space as the infrastructure and sociological and demographic characteristics as the superstructure based on space, which security theorists and leaders achieve their understanding at the level of thought.
b) Flexibility:
At the level of decision, while considering the two-way relationship between the functional needs of national security and paying attention to the balance in the dynamics of the political organization of national space, flexible consideration should be given to these two cases and should be flexible.
c) Relativistic:
Due to the different spatial allocations of countries, the implementation stage of the national security model for each country will be based on the spatial allocations, political, economic, socio-cultural considerations, etc.
 
Conclusion
In order to arrive at a comprehensive theoretical model that encompasses several elements, attention must be paid to its geographical-political origins, approach and dimensions. In such a model, what creates a sense of security in a place and a geographical space usually occurs at three levels. First, at the level of thinking, each dimension of political geography and its characteristics are conceived as the underlying and fundamental layer. At this level of national security, all the characteristics of the dimensions of the mentioned approach are considered from the point of view of political geography. The second level is the level of decision-making and political action, taking into account functional needs and the need to ensure the common life of the nation of a country. At this level, political action and decisions to ensure security are made by looking at the components of political management of the national space (country). The third level, which places national security in a reciprocal relationship with the four elements that are interrelated as the conceptual focus of the nation, space, threats and protection, and presents it with effective aggregate factors and indicators for the generalization of all countries.