Geopolitics Quarterly

Geopolitics Quarterly

Theory of Intelligence Deterrence in Foreign Policy From Military Deterrence by Punishment to Intelligence Deterrence by Denial

Document Type : Original Article

Author
تهران. حکیمیه، میدان والفجر، بلوار ساحل، خیابان شهید خلیلی، بوستان ششم، پلاک20 طبقه دوم
10.22034/igq.2025.496174.1994
Abstract
Due to the anarchic nature of international relations and the era of uncertainty, the right to self- defense is impossible without endogenous security and indigenous self-help. Force and power are still necessary and integral parts of international relations. It Means the ruling of the logic of power, not the power of the logic. Anyway, Self-defense and self-help are two sides of the same coin. In such a system, outsourcing security is a grave strategic mistake. Accordingly, Security under no circumstances can be negotiable, let alone outsourcing to others, otherwise it will lead to security dependency and, as a result, lack of political independence and violation of national sovereignty by intervening powers. Therefore, there is no other way to resist against strategy of bandwagoning than internal/external balancing policy. The main question of this article is what kind of deterrence can guarantee national security against external threats?, The hypothesis is that military deterrence will be vulnerable and unreliable without intelligence deterrence, more specifically the intelligence deterrence by deniable is complementary and protective to the military deterrence by punishment.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 July 2025

  • Receive Date 01 February 2025
  • Revise Date 14 July 2025
  • Accept Date 20 July 2025