فصلنامه بین المللی ژئوپلیتیک

فصلنامه بین المللی ژئوپلیتیک

Echoes of Conflict in South Asia: Human Lives in the India-Pakistan Rivalry (Post-2014)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 Research Scholar, Department of National Security Studies, Central University Jammu, J&K, India.
2 - Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
3 Associate Professor, Department of National Security Studies, Central University Jammu, J&K, India.
چکیده
The conflict between India and Pakistan represents a critical issue in South Asian geopolitics, with profound implications for human security. While national security has traditionally dominated discussions, this study identifies a significant gap in understanding how military tensions affect the well-being of civilians. The research explores how the ongoing India-Pakistan proxy war, particularly post-2014, has exacerbated human security challenges. These include infringements on human rights, hindered economic progress, and strained diplomatic ties. By emphasizing the socio-economic impact of these tensions, this study aims to provide a framework for addressing conflict through a human-centric approach. The perpetual cycle of retaliation and counter-retaliation may result in persistent infringements of human rights, hindered economic progress, and strain diplomatic ties. In the absence of a resolution, the current disagreement may easily escalate into a drawn-out war. This situation has the potential to solidify differences, prolong violence, and significantly weaken stability in the region.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Echoes of Conflict in South Asia: Human Lives in the India-Pakistan Rivalry (Post-2014)

نویسندگان English

Akriti Uppal 1
Subir Jamwal 2
Neeta Rani 3
1 Research Scholar, Department of National Security Studies, Central University Jammu, J&K, India.
2 - Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
3 Associate Professor, Department of National Security Studies, Central University Jammu, J&K, India.
چکیده English

The conflict between India and Pakistan represents a critical issue in South Asian geopolitics, with profound implications for human security. While national security has traditionally dominated discussions, this study identifies a significant gap in understanding how military tensions affect the well-being of civilians. The research explores how the ongoing India-Pakistan proxy war, particularly post-2014, has exacerbated human security challenges. These include infringements on human rights, hindered economic progress, and strained diplomatic ties. By emphasizing the socio-economic impact of these tensions, this study aims to provide a framework for addressing conflict through a human-centric approach. The perpetual cycle of retaliation and counter-retaliation may result in persistent infringements of human rights, hindered economic progress, and strain diplomatic ties. In the absence of a resolution, the current disagreement may easily escalate into a drawn-out war. This situation has the potential to solidify differences, prolong violence, and significantly weaken stability in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Arms Race
Human security
State Security
South Asia
1.       Abbas, H (2021). Extremism and terrorism trends in Pakistan: changing dynamics and new challenges. Combating terrorism centre at west Asia. Retrieved 15 July 2024, from https://ctc.westpoint.edu/extremism-and-terrorism-trends-in-pakistan-changing-dynamics-and-new-challenges/.
2.       Acharya, A; Acharya, A (2001). Human security in Asia: conceptual ambiguities and common understandings. In proceedings of the international conference of beyond the Washington consensus-governance and the public domain in contrasting economies: the cases of India and Canada, Chandigarh pp. 12-14.
3.       Adhikari, S; kamle, M. (2011). The Kashmir: an unresolved dispute between India and Pakistan. Geopolitics Quarterly, 06(20), 58–107. Https://journal. iag.ir/ article_56931.html? Lang=en.
4.       Ahlawat, D; Izarali, M.R. (2020). India’s revocation of article 370: security dilemmas and options for Pakistan. The round table, 109(6), 663–683. Https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2020.1849495.
5.       Ahmad, M (2018). Understanding india–pakistan relations: memory keeps getting in the way of history. Jadavpur journal of international relations, 23(1), 69–80. Https://doi.org/10.1177/0973598418804289.
6.       Ahmed, Z.S; Ahmed, S; Bhatnagar, S (2019). Conflict or cooperation? India and Pakistan in shanghai cooperation organisation. Pacific focus, 34(1), 5–30. Https://doi.org/10.1111/pafo.12134.
7.       Ali, A (2021). Pakistan’s national security approach and post-cold war security: uneasy co-existence. Https://pakistans-national-security-approach-post-cold/dp/0367709783.
8.       Amalia, A.D; Prasetyono, E; Widjajanto, A (2007). Warfare or welfare? State security and the impasse of human security. Ir-ui commentaries, 1(07), ISSN 2722-838x.
9.       Axworthy, L (2001). Human security and global governance: putting people first. Global governance, 7(1), 19–23. Http://www.jstor.org/stable/27800284.
10.   Babu, R (2016). From national security to human security. In world affairs: the journal of international issues, pp. 30–41, Kapur surya foundation. Https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48505260.
11.   Balcerowicz, P; kuszewska, A (2022). Kashmir in India and Pakistan policies. In routledge ebooks. Https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351063746.
12.   Bhattacharjee, D (2016). Feigning ignorance: the Pakistani way - from uri to the surgical strike - Indian council of world affairs (government of India). Icwa. Retrieved august 10, 2024, from https://www.icwa.in.
13.   Chun, W (2004). National security and human security. Korean journal of international relations, 44(1), 25–49. Https://doi.org/10.14731/ kjir. 2004. 04.44.1.25.
14.   Dalby, S (1992). Security, modernity, ecology: the dilemmas of post-cold war security discourse. Alternatives global local political, 17(1), 95–134. Https://doi.org/10.1177/030437549201700104.
15.   From National Security to Human Security. (2013). In united nations ebooks (pp. 121–123). Https://doi.org/10.18356/a5fd23d1-en
16.   Ganguly, S; Smetana, M; Abdullah, S; Karmazin, A (2018). India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir dispute: unpacking the dynamics of a south Asian frozen conflict. Asia Europe journal, 17(1), 129–143. Https://doi.org/ 10.1007/ s103- 08-018-0526-5.
17.   Hafeznia, M.R. (2021). Principles of the School of Humanist Geopolitics (A New Approach and way to the Political and Moral Life of Humankind). Geopolitics Quarterly, 17(64), 1-9.
18.   Hama, H.H. (2017). State security, societal security, and human security. Jadavpur journal of international relations, 21(1), 1–19. Https://doi.org/10. 1177/0973598417706591.
19.   Haqqani, H (2004). The role of Islam in Pakistan’s future. The Washington quarterly, 28(1), 83–96. Https://doi.org/10.1162/0163660042518161.
20.   Hillebrecht, C; White, T.R; Mcmahon, P.C. (2013). State responses to human security. Https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315889658.
21.   Human Development Report 1994. (1994). Human development reports. Https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-1994.
22.   Human Development Report 2023-24. (2024). Human development reports. Https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-24.
23.   Hussain, E (2019). India–pakistan relations: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Asian security and international affairs, 6(1), 82–95. Https://doi.org/10.1177/2347797018823964.
24.   Jauhari, A (2012). India-pakistan relations: international implications. Asian social science, 9(1). Https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n1p42.
25.   Kampmark, B (2008). Victory and identity: the end of the cold war in American imagination. In routledge ebooks (pp. 27–43). Https://doi.org/10. 4324/9780203023259-10.
26.   Khan, N (2010). Civil-military relations: a case study of Pakistan. Https://doi.org/10.34917/2228992.
27.   Kiani, V; Hajipour, M; Rahimi, N. (2024). Taliban government formation in Afghanistan; Transnational geopolitical challenges and their solutions. Geopolitics Quarterly, -. Doi: 10.22034/igq.2024.410578.1792.
28.   Kugekman, M. (2019). After the Kashmir move: india-pakistan relations | yaleglobal online. Yale University. Retrieved July 15, 2024, from https://archive-yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/after-kashmir-move-india-pakistan-relations.
29.   Kuszewska, A (2022). The india-pakistan conflict in Kashmir and human rights in the context of post-2019 political dynamics. Asian affairs, 53(1), 198–217. Https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2022.2041288.
30.   Lahiry, S (2020). The changing narrative of security discourse: from state security to human security in south Asia? World affairs, 183(2), 183–205. Https://doi.org/10.1177/0043820020921153.
31.   Naueje, M. (2015). Modern bilateral relations between India and Pakistan – difficult neighbourhood. In facta simonidis (vol. 8).
32.   Nizami, A.T; Hassan, T.M; Yasir, S; Rana, M.H; Minhas, F.A. (2018). Terrorism in Pakistan: the psychosocial context and why it matters. Bjpsych international, 15(1), 20–22. Https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.9.
33.   Noorali, H; Ahmadi, S.A. (2022). Highlighting the Geopolitical Challenges Facing the China One Belt One Road Initiative. Geopolitis Quaterly, 18(66), 1–34.
34.   Pouyan, R.H; Mojtahezahed, P; Hafeznia, M.R; Ezzati, E. (2012). Geopolitical Elucidate of the Power Relations in the Indian Subcontinent after 11 September 2001. Geopolitics Quaterly, 8(27). https://journal.iag.ir/article_ 56058.html? Lang=en.
35.   Prakash, P. (2024). Bangladesh on Edge after Crushing Quota Protests. Crisis Group. Retrieved August 9, 2024, from https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/ south-asia/bangladesh/bangladesh-edge-after-crushing-quota-protests.
36.   Rath, S.K. (2010). 26 / 11 mumbai attacks India is hamstrung. World affairs: the journal of international issues, 14(4), 36–71. Http://www.indianjournals. Com/ijor.aspx? Target=ijor: WA & volume=14&issue=four & article=004.
37.   Rather, T (2020). Abrogation of article 370 of the constitution of India: socio-economic and political implications on Jammu and Kashmir. Ssrn electronic journal. Https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3664550.
38.   Rizwan, Mohd; SSingh, S; Singh, V (2022). The hobbled relations between India and Pakistan: prospects for better future. International journal of trade and commerce-iiartc, 11(01), 91–103. Https://doi.org/10.46333/ijtc/11/1/10.
39.   Robin, E (2021). City benchmarking globalized urban scholarship and the view from above reflections on a few absences. International journal of urban and regional research. Https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12976.
40.   Samatha, M. (2016). Maldives political crisis: an appraisal - Indian council of world affairs (government of India). Icwa. Retrieved august 15, 2024, from https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=3&ls_id=1813&lid=817.
41.   Siyech, M.S. (2019). The pulwama attack: significance, implications and the way forward. Counter terrorist trends and analyses, 11(04), 6–10. Https://www.jstor.org/stable/26631532.
42.   Tadjbakhsh, S; Chenoy, A.M (2007). Human security: concepts and implications.
43.   Trood, R.B; Tow, W. (2000). Linkages between traditional security and human security. In United Nations university press ebooks, pp. 13–32. Https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/uq:146397
44.   Vaishnav, M. (2019). The bjp in power: Indian democracy and religious nationalism. Carnegie china. Retrieved august 15, 2024, from https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2019/04/the-bjp-in-power-indian-democracy-and-religious-nationalism?lang=en¢er=china.
45.   World Bank open data. (2024). World Bank open data. Https://data.world- bank.org/? Locations=in-pk.
دوره 22، شماره 2
تابستان 1405
صفحه 51-72

  • تاریخ دریافت 21 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 09 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 بهمن 1403