The South Caucasus has long been a site of rivalry among regional and global powers. Although the region appears geographically and politically distant from China, Beijing has significantly increased its presence there since launching the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 and is now striving to strengthen its position as an actor in the South Caucasus. This chapter asks: in light of the global BRI project, what is China's foreign policy in the South Caucasus, and what regional challenges does it confront? We hypothesize that the South Caucasus is important to China for both its intra-regional economic and geopolitical potential, as well as for serving as a crucial link between China and the European Union. Employing the neoclassical framework, we tested our hypothesis through quantitative content analysis of official documents, scholarly texts, reports, and news relating to China's foreign policy and the South Caucasus. It seems that by the third decade of the paradigm, the nature and locus of competition and antagonism in the region have also undergone significant changes.