The Trade-Sanction Nexus: Implications for Global Governance

Abdul Rahman, Athirah Binti; Bin Mahdzir, Abdul Hadi Khairin; Fadhil Khalaf, Alaa; Hantoosh, Qasim  Mohammed; Ab. Halim, Asma Hakimah

doi:10.22034/igq.2026.544886.2077

The Trade-Sanction Nexus: Implications for Global Governance

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

Athirah Binti Abdul Rahman ¹

Abdul Hadi Khairin Bin Mahdzir ¹

Alaa Fadhil Khalaf ²

Qasim Mohammed Hantoosh ³

Asma Hakimah Ab. Halim ¹

¹ Faculty of Law, University Kebangsaan, Malaysia.

² College of Law, Al-Bayan University, Iraq.

³ College of Law, Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.

10.22034/igq.2026.544886.2077

چکیده

Countries and international organizations now find sanction as the most popular way of responding to global political challenges without involving military action. This paper will discuss the relationship between sanctions and international trade as well as their influence on global governance. It describes various forms of sanctions including unilateral, multilateral, targeted, and comprehensive sanction. Moreover, it provides the way the measures affect trade by banning imports and exports, financial restrictions, and restrictions to technologies transfer. The other important issue that the paper ought to address is in relation to the fact that the growing practice of unilateral sanctions, particularly by dominant nations proves to be the concern in terms of fairness and legal clarity. These may undermine the position of the multilateral institutions like the UN and WTO, and jeopardize world trade. The situation of overlapping legislations and inconsistent regulations tends to confuse countries and companies. The paper ends with the need to make reforms in enhancing legal clarity and accountability of the sanctions. It expresses more transparent international regulations, tighter international supervision, and enhanced humanitarian protection. Seeing that sanctions as a tool that surrounds the world trade structure will keep on shaping the shape of this structure, it is valuable to not only comprehend how sanctions have influence in legal and political terms but also how it maintains the world order to be stable and fair.

کلیدواژه‌ها

International Trade

Sanctions

Global Governance

Humanitarian Protection

موضوعات

ژئوپلیتیک

عنوان مقاله English

The Trade-Sanction Nexus: Implications for Global Governance

نویسندگان English

Athirah Binti Abdul Rahman ¹

Abdul Hadi Khairin Bin Mahdzir ¹

Alaa Fadhil Khalaf ²

Qasim Mohammed Hantoosh ³

Asma Hakimah Ab. Halim ¹

¹ Faculty of Law, University Kebangsaan, Malaysia.

² College of Law, Al-Bayan University, Iraq.

³ College of Law, Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.

چکیده English

کلیدواژه‌ها English

International Trade

Sanctions

Global Governance

Humanitarian Protection

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