تبیین نقش عوامل جغرافیایی و سرزمینی در قدرت دریایی کشورها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

قدرت دریایی کشورها از مؤلفه­هایی همانند: مؤلفه جغرافیایی ­- سرزمینی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی، دیپلماتیک و نظامی شکل یافته است. وضعیت جغرافیایی و سرزمینی کشور دریایی، مؤلفه مهم در قدرت دریایی است. این تحقیق با هدف بنیادی و ماهیتی توصیفی - تحلیلی، نقش مؤلفه جغرافیایی و سرزمینی را در قدرت دریایی کشورها بررسی کرده است. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق مراجعه به منابع کتابخانه­ای، مقالات و اسناد است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از روش­ کیفی و استنباطی انجام شده است. دسترسی دریایی؛ خصوصیات منطقه ساحلی؛ گسترهِ سرزمینی کشور دریایی؛ مناطق دریایی؛ تماس با شبکه­های ارتباطی دریایی (تنگه­ها، کانال و...) و جزایر مهمترین عناصر مؤلفه جغرافیایی و سرزمینی کشور است که بر قدرت دریایی کشورها تأثیر می­گذارد. عناصر جغرافیایی و سرزمینی قدرت دریایی در تحقیق حاضر مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. بر اساس یافته­های تحقیق، دسترسی دریایی و ویژگی­های منطقه ساحلی بر سایر عناصر جغرافیایی و سرزمینی قدرت دریایی برتری دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the role of geographic and territorial factors in sea power of the States

نویسنده [English]

  • reza allahverdizadeh
Reza Allahverdizadeh Assistant Professor in Political Geography
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Access and lack of access the countries to open sea, formating the geographical location of coastal peninsula, island or landlocked for the country. Marine and ocean environment compared with dry environments have different characteristics. Area of ocean is three times the land. Water bodies are spherical cohesion while the land suffered the fragmentation of space. Water bodies, have environmental position and dry Area have peripheral position. The controling of water bodies in the world will be have initiative and challenging the dry area. Sea power is one most important facets of states’ national power. Sea power is not considered properly in evaluating national power, because it includes different factors. Sea power is the only facet of national powers that can be presented in different water bodies, and do not suffer from land and air powers limitations. This article investigates the role of geographic and territorial situation in states sea power.
Materials and Methods
This research is fundamental and in terms of nature is descriptive - analytical and ecological research among geographical sciences rather than lie. The data analysis procedure is based on qualitative method. The data collection tools by visiting the library, papers, documents and information portals specialized organizations.
Results and discussion
Sea power is formed from different factors like geographic-territorial, social, economic, political, diplomatic and military.Geographic and territorial situation of sea states is the most important factor in their sea power, and all of the other factors depends on this factor. Geographic and territorial situation of sea states includes the length (up to 200 nautical miles) of shore and some other territorial features. Sea access, the nature of the coastal zone (properties of the coastal zone), territorial scope and area of the country, maritime zones, connection to Sea lines of communication (straits, channels etc.) islands (residential and non-residential), are the most important factors related to the geographic and territorial factor.
Conclusion
These factors are investigated in this article. Beside of the importance of each factor, the nature of the coastal zone is important than other geographic and territorial factors. In other words, the nature of the coastal zone characterizes the abilities and limitations of the states’ sea power.  
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: geographic and territorial factors
  • access to sea
  • coastal zone
  • sea power
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