الزامات ژئوپلیتیکی توانمندسازی سواحل جنوب ایران: از منظر افزایش قدرت دریایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه مراغه، دانشکده علوم انسانی، گروه جغرافیا، مراغه، ایران.

2 استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، دانشکده علوم انسانی، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

ایران در زمره کشورهایی است که از موقعیت دریایی مناسبی برخوردار است و می­تواند از موهبت­های دریایی بهره­مند شود. موقعیت جغرافیایی ایران بین دریای خزر از سمت شمال، خلیج‌فارس و دریای عمان از سمت جنوب، موقعیت دریایی مناسبی برای ایران به ارمغان آورده است. ایران می­تواند با برخورداری از مزایای اقتصادی و دریانوردی تجاری، به ارتقاء جایگاه قدرت دریایی خود در عرصه منطقه­ای و فرامنطقه­ای کمک نماید. نوشتار پیش­رو در پی تببین الزامات ژئوپلیتیکی توانمندسازی سواحل جنوب ایران به عنوان پیونددهنده فضای داخلی به فضای بین­المللی است؛ امری که موجب ارتقاء قدرت دریایی کشور می­گردد. روش تحقیق مقاله مزبور با بهره­گیری از روش توصیفی و تحلیلی و استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه­ای و اسناد مربوطه است. نتایج نشان می­دهد، عواملی همانند ماهیت برّی ایران و بی­توجهی تاریخی به سواحل جنوبی؛ ظرفیت جغرافیایی، ژئوپلیتیکی و ژئواکونومیکی سواحل ایران(همانند: شرایط توپوگرافی و اقلیمی مناسب، سواحل طولانی، مجاورت با عرصه­های اقیانوسی، تسلط بر شبکه­های ارتباطی دریایی، ویژگی­های ترانزیتی پیوندی و امکان اتصال کشورهای شمالی و جنوبی به یکدیگر)؛ نقش سواحل جنوبی ایران بویژه سواحل مکران در قدرت دریایی و همچنین اهمیت دریا در اسناد بالادستی، می­تواند در تقویت سواحل و قدرت دریایی کشور مورد توجه بیش از پیش قرار گیرند. راهکارهای پیشنهادی باید متکی بر مواردی همانند وابسته­سازی سایر بازیگران منطقه­ای و فرامنطقه­ای به سواحل ایران و بهره­مند شدن از توسعه تکنولوژی دریایی در قالب یک استراتژی و دیپلماسی دریایی هوشمند به اجرا درآید.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Geopolitical Prerequisites Crucial for Empowering Southern Iran’s Coasts to Increase Seapower

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Allahverdizadeh 1
  • Mostafa Ghaderi Hajat 2
1 Assistant Professor in Political Geography, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor in Political Geography, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract      
Introduction
Iran is among the countries that enjoy a strategic maritime positioning and has the potential to leverage maritime advantages. Iran’s access to the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in the north, the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, and especially the strategic Strait of Hormuz in the south underscore the potential. In addition to enjoying economic benefits and commercial seafaring, the state can enhance its seapower both regionally and beyond. The present research seeks to explain the geopolitical prerequisites crucial for empowering southern Iran’s coasts as a linking between the national and international spaces – a fact that would enhance the nation’s seapower. The research sets to answer this question: What are the geopolitical requirements essential to empowering southern Iran’s coasts in terms of fortifying seapower? In order to answer this question, the article initially explores the continental nature of the Iranian civilization in various historical eras and the reasons behind the oversight of the southern coasts; it then explains the geographical, geopolitical and geoeconomic potentials and vulnerabilities. Given the above, the current maritime presence and seapower of Iran are elaborated on. At last, proposals for empowering southern Iran’s coasts are presented.
Research method
The article attempts to explain the significance and prerequisites vital for empowering southern Iran’s coasts that would enhance seapower. It adopts a foundational-applied approach and utilizes a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection rests on library-based method, which uses library resources and available documents in relation to the subject. Analysis methods include argumentative approaches and qualitative analysis.
Findings and discussion
The findings suggest that the following factors should be highlighted to empower the coasts and enhance Iran’s seapower: Iran’s continental civilization and the historical neglect of southern coasts; the geopolitical, geographical and geoeconomic capacity of Iran’s coasts; the role of Iran’s southern coasts, particularly Makran, in seapower; and the significance of seas in national documents. Iran’s continental positioning has contributed to continental, land-centric culture and civilization, the expansion of land, limited coastal population and human construction as well as historical backwardness in coastal areas – especially in southern Iran. The result is that Iran is distanced from the sea. Some advantages of the southern coasts that can enhance seapower are the favorable topography and climate, extensive coastlines, proximity to maritime zones, dominance of the Sea lines of communication (SLOCs), crucial transit capabilities, and the potential to bridgehead the southern and northern states. The challenges include: poverty in the region; the region’s underdevelopment; weak connectivity between Makran and the south-east of Iran; distance from geographical centers, population and industrial hubs; and sparse population.
Conclusion
Coasts hold potential for diplomatic and seapower for Iran. Leveraging maritime capacity, Iran can play a significant role in this domain. Adopting the sea-based policy entails a concerted effort in administrative, political, and economic realms alongside the support of the political establishment and development agendas. The proposals suggested in this article to develop the southern coasts and fortify the seapower are as follows: implementing maritime diplomacy in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea more efficiently; opting for a foreign policy strategy that guarantees maximal interactions; providing the legal framework for foreign investment; establishing a dedicated ministry for maritime affairs, coasts, and islands; developing coastal economic hubs and land-use planning for coastal regions; necessitating labor division on the national level as well as in the southern coasts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Coasts
  • Seas
  • Geopolitical Prerequisites
  • Empowering of Coasts
  • Seapower

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فصلنامه بین المللی ژئوپلیتیک
دوره 20، شماره 73
فروردین 1403
صفحه 215-239

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 دی 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 اسفند 1402

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