سازگارسازی تفاوت فرهنگی و همبستگی ملی در ایران: در جستجوی یک چارچوب نظری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

پیامد رشد روزافزون مباحثات علمی در زمینة چندفرهنگی​گرایی، هویت فرهنگی و خودگردانی فرهنگی در سه دهة گذشته، مفهوم کشور- ملت و حوزة دولت ملی دستخوش تحولات بسیاری شده است که در کنار امواج گستردة جهانی شدن، بازنگری در کارکردهای سنتی دولت​های ملی را امری ضروری ساخته است. تفسیرهای گوناگونی که دربارة هویت ملی و هویت فرهنگی ارایه شده، لزوم به​رسمیت شناختن تفاوت​های فرهنگی و حقوق جوامع فرهنگی که در درون مرزهای یک کشور زندگی می​کنند، و تغییر ماهوی مفاهیمی همچون امنیت و منافع ملی، اندیشمندان حوزة سیاست را واداشته که به فکر جایگزین ساختن مفهوم سنتی وحدت و یکپارچگی ملی با مفهومی جدید که با تحولات نامبرده سازگار باشد بیفتند. در مقالة حاضر، پس از توضیح برخی از تحولات نظری و تغییرات مفهومی، طرح پیشنهادی یک اجماع همپوش مابین جوامع فرهنگی موجود در ایران (اعم از اکثریت و اقلیت) در چارچوب هویت تاریخمند مشترک ایرانی- اسلامی از طریق اعطای اختیارات برای خودگردانی جوامع و گونة خاصی از تمرکززدایی از بیشتر حوزه​های فعالیت دولت ملی ارایه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Accommodating Cultural Difference and National Solidarity in Iran: In Search of a Conceptual Framework

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyed Alireza Hosseini Beheshti
Department of Political Science Tarbiat Modares Unuversity
چکیده [English]

As a consequence of increasing literature on multiculturalism, cultural identity and cultural self-rule during the last four decades or so, the concept of nation-state and the realm of national government have been subject to dramatic changes. In a similar trend, due to the development of globalization, revising the classical functions of the state machinery looks more urgent than ever. Different accounts of national and cultural identity, widespread demands of recognizing cultural difference through arguing for the rights of cultural communities living within the boundaries of a country, and the changing nature of concepts like national security and interests, suggest that political theorists should look for a more adequate conception of national integrity which consists with such changes as variety of alternatives to the classical interpretation. Having John Rawls’s overlapping consensus in mind, I shall offer a similar model among cultural communities in Iran by employing the historically situated and shared Iranian-religious identity and granting cultural autonomy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cultural diversity
  • national solidarity
  • overlapping consensus
  • Iranian identity
  • cultural autonomy
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