تبیین مفهوم ژئواکونومی (اقتصاد ژئوپلیتیکی) ‏ و توصیه هایی برای ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

ژئوپلیتیک شامل سه عنصر جغرافیا، سیاست و قدرت است. اقتصاد از طرفی یکی از ابعاد فضای جغرافیایی و از طرف دیگر یکی از ابعاد قدرت است. ژئوپلیتیک به​طور ذاتی در دو عنصر از سه عنصر تشکیل​دهنده خود یعنی جغرافیا و قدرت با اقتصاد پیوند ​خورده و به آن توجه می‌نماید. بنابراین چنانچه اقتصاد با قدرت و سیاست پیوند بخورد و با جغرافیا نیز عجین شود، در حوزه ژئوپلیتیک قرار می​گیرد که در این‌صورت ژئواکونومی به‌عنوان بُعد اقتصادی ژئوپلیتیک شکل می​گیرد که در زیر مجموعه جغرافیای سیاسی قرار دارد. اگرچه از قدیم استفاده از ابزارهای اقتصادی در سیاست وجود داشته ولی پس از جنگ سرد و جهانی​شدن که رویکردهای اقتصادی مورد توجه بیشتر قرار گرفتند، بحث ژئواکونومی نیز روزبه‌روز در سیاست​های داخلی و خارجی و به​عنوان یک روش نوین کشورداری مطرح شد. با وجود اینکه از نظر نسبت، ژئواکونومی شاخه​ای از ژئوپلیتیک است، ولی تفاوت‌هایی با آن دارد و بازیگران متعددی در آن درگیر می​شوند که بر پیچیدگی این رویکرد می‌افزاید. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در ژئواکونومی نیز علاوه بر تعدد و تنوع زیاد، عمدتاً از نوع ابزارهای قدرت نرم بوده بر پیچیدگی نظام بین​الملل می​افزایند. در سیاست داخلی و امور کشورداری نیز توجه به این رویکرد موجب تقویت زیربناها و زیرساخت‌های قدرت ملی شده و به افزایش وزن ژئوپلیتیکی کشور کمک می​کند که این امر موجب تغییر رفتار و جایگاه کشور در نظام ژئوپلیتیک در راستای تحصیل منافع ملی می​شود. در خصوص ایران به​نظر می​رسد تحلیل مسائل کشور از دیدگاه ژئواکونومیک می​تواند موجب باز شدن زاویه جدید و واقع​بینانه​ای به فهم مسائل شده و راهکارها و راهبردهای تجویزی را بیش از پیش دقیق​تر و مفیدتر می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Concept of Geoeconomics and ‎Recommendations for Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Hossein MokhtariHashi
Assistant Professor of Political Geography, University of Isfahan,Isfahan, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Intrduction
Geopolitics contains three elements of geography, politics and power. Economics on the one hand is one of the dimensions of the geographic space and on the other hand is one of the dimensions of power.Geopolitics is inherently linked to two elements of its three constituent elements, namely geography and power, with economics. Therefore, if the economics is tied up with power and politics, and with geography, it is placed in the sphere of geopolitics that in this case, geoeconomics is formed as economic dimension of geopolitics, which is located under Political Geography field.
Methodology
The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data collection is done in a library method and using internet resources, and the analysis has also been carried out qualitatively.
Findings
Although the use of economic instruments in politics has long history, but after the Cold War and globalization, economic approaches became more prominent and geoeconomic matters are highlighted day by day in both domestic and foreign policies and also as a new method of governance. Although, in terms of relationship, geoeconomics is a sub-branch of geopolitics, but there are differences in between them. In geoeconomics there are several involving actors which complicates this approach than geopolitics.  The instruments used in geoeconomics, in addition to a great variety, are mostly soft-power tools that causes more complexity in the international system.
Conclusion
Geoeconomics is a new approach to foreign and domestic policy and governance, which seeks to strengthen national infrastructure and infrastructure and help increase the geopolitical weight of the country which will change the country's position in the geopolitical system and consequently an increase in power to gain national interests. In the case of Iran, It seems that analyzing the country's problems from the point of view of geo-economics can open up a new and realistic perspective on issues. Also prescribed solutions and strategies from this point of view, are more accurate and useful.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geoeconomics
  • Geopolitics
  • Iran.‎

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 تیر 1397

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